Urolithin A is a compound produced in the human gut, when certain types of polyphenols, primarily from foods like pomegranates and berries, are metabolised by intestinal bacteria.
Neurolithin, commonly referred to as Urolithin A, is a compound formed in the gut when ellagitannins from foods like pomegranates, berries (raspberries, blackberries, strawberries), and nuts (especially walnuts and pecans) are metabolised by specific gut bacteria. This conversion varies by individual, as not everyone has the required microbiome composition to efficiently produce Urolithin A from these foods.
In terms of supplementation, Urolithin A is available in pharmaceutical-grade forms, with Mitopure by Amazentis being the only brand clinically validated for efficacy. Research has shown that 500 mg of Mitopure daily can support mitochondrial function, increase muscle strength, and enhance cellular health in older adults, promoting longevity and aiding in conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as osteoarthritis and certain neurodegenerative diseases.
Additionally, it may benefit immune function and even support reproductive longevity and brain health by inducing processes like mitophagy and autophagy, which are crucial for cellular renewal and function.
Safety studies have indicated that urolithin A is generally well-tolerated, with the FDA approving it as safe for food products at doses between 250 mg to 1 gram per serving. However, individuals interested in supplementing with it should consult with healthcare providers, especially those with pre-existing conditions or who take medication, to ensure compatibility and optimal dosage.
For more details on the benefits, sources, and clinical research surrounding it, please refer to scientific reviews and studies such as those highlighted by Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition and JAMA Network Ope
In recent years, it has attracted scientific interest for its potential health benefits, especially in the context of aging and muscle health.
Pros
1. Mitophagy Activation: It is is known to activate the process of Mitophagy, which is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy.
This helps to remove dysfunctional mitochondria, potentially contributing to cellular health and longevity.
2. Anti-Inflammatory Properties:
Studies suggest that Urolithin A has anti-inflammatory effects, which could help in managing conditions related to chronic inflammation.
3. Muscle Endurance: Preliminary research indicates that as a supplementation it might improve muscle endurance and strength, particularly in older adults.
4. Cognitive Health: Some studies suggest potential neuroprotective benefits, although more research is needed to fully understand this effect.
Cons
1. Limited Human Studies:
Much of the research on Urolithin A has been conducted in vitro (in the lab) or in animal models. Human studies are more limited, although initial findings are promising.
2. Variable Metabolism: Not everyone can naturally produce Urolithin A due to differences in gut microbiota. This variability suggests that some individuals may not experience the same potential benefits from consuming foods rich in its precursors.
3. Safety and Dosage: Long-term safety and optimal dosing of Urolithin A supplementation in humans are not fully established, necessitating further research.
Research
1. Mitophagy and Aging: A study published in “Nature Medicine” in 2016 demonstrated that Urolithin A induces mitophagy both in animals and in human cells, leading to improvements in muscle function in older subjects.
2. Muscle Function: Research published in “Scientific Reports” in 2019 found that Urolithin A supplementation enhanced muscle endurance in older adults compared to a placebo.
3. Dietary Impact:
A 2018 review in “Molecular Nutrition & Food Research” highlighted the potential of Urolithin A derived from food sources to contribute to health benefits, while also noting the need for more human trials.
Overall, while Urolithin A holds promise, further studies are necessary to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans fully.
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